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Termites are far not as likely to be attacked by parasites than bees, wasps and ants, since they are generally well protected in their own mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by a variety of parasites. A few of these include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and a large number of nematode parasites. Many nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only occurs when a colony is under great anxiety. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behavior depends on the type of termite. For instance, certain species feed on the timber structures that they inhabit, and others harvest food that's near the nest.132 Most employees are seldom found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food source, they communicate with other soldiers and a tiny force of employees starts to emerge. In the second phase, workers appear in massive numbers in the site. The third phase is indicated by a decrease in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of workers.136 Isolated termite workers may engage in Lvy flight behavior within an optimised strategy for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies consistently ends in agonistic behavior towards one another, resulting in struggles. These struggles can lead to mortality on either side and, in some cases, the gain or reduction of territory.138139"Cemetery pits" could be present, where the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies indicate that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, some of the termites intentionally block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from different colonies found in exploratory tunnels contributes to the isolation of the area and so the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two opponents does not necessarily occur.
Since C. formosanus colonies can get into physical conflict, a few termites squeeze tightly into foraging tunnels and perish, effectively blocking the tunnel and ending all agonistic activities.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens can compete with each other to become the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This struggle among the queens leads to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, together with all the king, accepts over the colony.145
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Ants and termites can compete with each other for nesting space. In specific, ants that prey on termites usually have a negative effect on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, therefore communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These methods of communication are employed in a variety of tasks, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common way of communicating is via antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (which are transmitted when employees are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alert, path and sex pheromones.
Trail pheromones are secreted in the sternal gland, and gender pheromones derive from 2 glandular sources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites go out to search for meals, they forage in columns along the ground through vegetation. A trail can be identified from the faecal residue or runways which are covered by items.
When termites construct their nests, they utilize predominantly indirect communication. No single termite would be in charge of any specific construction job. Individual termites respond rather than think, however in a set level, they exhibit a sort of collective cognition. Particular structures or other objects such as pellets of soil or pillars cause termites to start building.
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The result is a self-organised process where the information that sends termite activity results from changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Each colony has its own distinct odour. This company website odour is Due to genetic and environmental factors such as the termites' diet andThe composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been breached explanation or is being assaulted by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.